The trapping and killing effects of three different components of gel baits and the residual spraying of six insecticides to Blattella germanica were evaluated in order to promote and guide on field prevention and control. In the laboratory efficacy test, the glass box method was used to evaluate the killing effect by mortality. The method of jam bottle film was used in the residual spraying experiment and the residual spraying efficacy was evaluated by the mortality of B. germanica after forced contact with the film for 20 minutes. The results showed that the mortality of all the three gel baits reached 100% after 96 h, all of the three gel baits reached “A” class. The killing effect of the six insecticides used for residual spraying to B. germanica reached 100% in laboratory, and the duration of efficacy was more than 90 days. The nine insecticides had good killing effect to B. germanica in laboratory, and could be reasonably selected according to the actual situation in the field prevention and control.

The sporozoite surface antigens (SporoSAG) and rhoptry protein 5 (ROP5) are specific antigens at different stages of Toxoplasma gondii and closely related to the differentiation and invasion processes of Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, Balb/c mice were immunized with purified recombinants in different combinations followed with corresponding immunization strategies. Then the level of humoral immunity and T-cell-mediated immunity were detected with standard protocols. The recombinant rSporoSAG (49.4 kDa) and rROP5 (38.2 kDa) were successfully expressed. In the immunization of mice experiments, the level of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in rSporoSAG, rROP5, rSporoSAG+rROP5, primary rSporoSAG followed by rROP5 group were significant higher than control (P<0.05). Among them, the primary rSporoSAG followed by rROP5 group demonstrated the highest level of total IgG and IgG2a. The results of cytokine production showed that the amount of IL-2 in primary rSporoSAG followed by rROP5 group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05), the level of IL-2 in other groups showed no significant difference than control group (P>0.05). The level of IL-4 and IFN-γ in all groups showed no statistical significance compared with control(P>0.05). All proliferation response results of spleen cells showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). In this study, the recombinant rSporoSAG and rROP5 were successfully expressed. The rSporoSAG, rROP5, primary rSporoSAG followed by rROP5 group, rSporoSAG+rROP5 group induced significant Th1-dominanted Th1/2 mixed immune responses but failed to induced effectively T-cell-mediated immunity. The production of IL-2 in primary rSporoSAG followed by rROP5 group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proliferation response of spleen cells (P>0.05). The conclusion is that rSporoSAG and rROP5 can induced high level humoral immunity but failed to induced T-cell-mediated immunity against infection of T. gondii in Balb/c mice.

Parasite is an important pathogen and seriously threats the health of humans and animals. With long coevolution with its host, parasite has formed the complicated and smart ability to evade immune recognition and kill of its host. In combined with novel progress of parasitic immunity, the mechanisms of immune evasion are summarized and discussed based on three aspects including evading immune recognition, immunosuppression and leveraging co-infections in parasitic infections. It is expected to improve the understanding of the complexity and risk of parasitic infections, and provide an important reference and guide for control of parasitosis in humans and animals.

Brucellosis is a kind of natural epidemic disease with serious harm to human and animals, the transmission mode is complex, and the pathogen has many forms of preservation in the epidemic area. Recent studies have shown that ticks are one of the important pathways for Brucella reserved and transmission, and important epidemiological significance in the transmission and prevalence. Ticks can naturally carry Brucella spp. Brucella could transmit transstadally and transovarially in ticks, which suggested that ticks may be important vectors of Brucella spp. was frequently detected in salivary glands and midgut.B. melitensis and B. bortus were shown highly pathogenic to human beings, which also have been detected in several ticks species. Therefore, Brucella may possess a "livestock-tick-livestock/human" transmission cycle.

To establish a novel detection technique for Plasmodium falciparum on the combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow (LF) chromatography, the primer sets and probes were designed according to the conserved region of 18S rDNA in P. falciparum, and the detection protocol were organized following the assessment of sensitivity and specificity. As results, the newly developed protocol detect P. falciparum DNA effectively within 15 min at 39 ℃, which indicates the protocol with good specificity and sensitivity, the lower detection limit is near to 6.54 × 10² copies/reaction, much sensitive than commercial colloidal gold test strip method. The protocol established should be applicable in the rapid and accuracy detection of P. falciparum in clinical and related samples.

To determine the subcellular localization and basic enzyme kinetics of Cryptosporidium parvum glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (CpGAPDH), one of the key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. A CpGAPDH-specific short peptide was designed, synthesized and used to immunize two specific pathogen-free rabbits. The antisera were affinity-purified and used in Western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). A GST-fusion recombinant protein (GST-CpGapDH) was expressed in bacteria and purified for determining basic enzyme kinetic data by spectrophotometry. Rabbit anti-CpGAPDH polyclonal antibodies were obtained and affinity-purified. Western blot analysis showed that the band size of the antibody was 40 kDa. IFA results showed that the protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of sporozoites with some in granular form. Using recombinant GST-CpGAPDH, the basic enzyme parameters were determined. For coenzymes, CpGAPDH preferred using NAD(H) rather than NADP(H). The subcellular localization and enzyme activity detection of CpGAPDH was determined. This study serves as the basis to further study of the biological function and identification of selective inhibitors of CpGAPDH.

In this study, cox1 gene was targeted to establish a method for the detection of Clonorchis sinensis eggs in human feces based on a real-time PCR using TaqMan MGB probes. Specific primers and probes were designed and tested according to cox1 gene of C. sinensis, and then the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the protocols were evaluated with clinical samples and compared with the Kato-Katz method. There was no false reactions found in the designed protocols among morphological similar parasites and close phylogenetic ones. Under the standard curve established with 9.97×10⁷-9.97 copies/μL of C. sinensis, the sensitivity were 9.97 copies/μL. The coefficient of variation of intra-group and inter-group repeatability test was less than 0.4%. Among 280 stool samples collected from residents, 54 were positive. Compared with the Kato-Katz method, the sensitivity of the method is higher. The method established in this study might be suitable applied for the diagnosis and monitoring of C. sinensis eggs.

Topomyia (Suaymyia) danzhuensis sp. nov, from Yunnan province of southern China is described. It is similar to To.(Sua.)yanbarensis Miyagi,1976, To.(Sua.)yanbareroides Dong et Miyagi,1995 and To.(Sua.)bambusaihole Dong, Zhou et Dong,1997. All them has the following diagnostic characters: Scutum with lateral margin pale scale patches extended from scutum angle to anterior basal area of wing. Distimere medially divided into two long branches. Claspette with two strong apical spicules, and larvae maxillary with marginal denticulata numerous. But it could be distincted from the following combination features.1. The broad median-longitudinal stipe on scutum is in white color in the new species, but pale in To.(Sua.)yanbarensis.2. It differs from To.(Sua.)yanbareroides and To.(Sua.)bambusaihole by the following combination features in males: Proboscis with a white base band; The spiny bristles at the end of the IXT lateral lobe expanded into knife shape and the small bristles at the inner edge were arranged at the end rather than at the base; The apical ventral lobe of the basimere has a long bristle cluster and the medial side of the middle back has a short bristle cluster; Outer branch of distimere obviously stronger than the inner one. 3. It differs from To.(Sua.)yanbarensis, To.(Sua.)yanbareroides and To.(Sua.)bambusaihole by the combined characteristics of larvae: Seta 5-C is far away from 3, 4 and 6-C (instead of 3~6-C juxtaposed at the front edge of the front oclypeus), 7-T is developed, divided into 7-8 branches (instead of only 3 branches) and anal gills are thick and blunt at the end (instead of thin, long and sharp), which can be distinguished from To. (Sua.) bambusaihole; besides this, Maxilla broadly short, without apical strong branched spicules, few pectens limited in the ventral base of the siphon could separate it from the first two species [To.(Sua.)yanbarensis, and To.(Sua.)yanbareroides]. Etymology Danzhuensis is derived from the collecting place Danzhu mountain area in Gongshan County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan province.Holotype ♂(wing length 3.3 mm),paratype 5♂♂,1♀(Average wing length about 3.3 mm);1 larvae specimen,Four separate larval skin specimens. All specimens were collected from bamboo tube water in Danzhu,Cikai and Pengda villages and towns (E 98°30＇N 28°00＇;altitude 1 600-1 800 m) separately in September 2012 and October 2021. All the specimens are deposited in Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention.

Hyalomma anatolicum belongs to Ixodidae ticks, which is a species of obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites on animals and humans. It has a wide range of distribution, strong parasitic intensity, and spread a variety of zoonotic diseases and cause huge losses to animal husbandry annually. In order to study the physiological changes of ticks during blood-sucking period, the F2 generation of H. anatolicum were dissectioned and stained with Hematoxylin eosin (HE) stains to observe the morphological characteristics of tissues and organs during blood-sucking period. The results showed that under experimental conditions, it took 59.0 days for H. anatolicum to develop from eggs, hatch to larvae, feed and molt to nymphs, and then refeed and molt to adults to finish its whole life time. The tissue sections staining showed that as the female ticks became semi-engorged to engorged, the salivary gland cells gradually dissolved and disappeared. The heme produced by digestion in the midgut was transferred to the midgut basal layer and hemolymph, but there was no significant change in ovarian tissue. Our studies further explained the biological characteristics and histological morphology of H. anatolicum.

To explore pathogens in several tick species in endemic areas of Shandong province, unfed ticks and parasitic ones were collected in seven areas of Shandong province during 2021-2022 and morphologically identified. Five common tick-borne pathogens were detected by PCR with universal primers on the tick samples and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences from positive pathogens were also performed as well. The results showed that the collected tick samples included 2 genera and 4 species, respectively comprising 145 of Haemaphysalis longicornis, 2 of Hae. concinna, 2 of Hae. campanulate, and 5 of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A total of 34 collected ticks were found with spotted fever group Rickettsia infection, with a total positive rate of 22.08%, 29 samples carried Anaplasma, with a total infection rate of 18.83%, the total infection rate of Theileria and Borrelia burgdorferi were revealed as 5.84% and 0.65%, respectively, and no positive samples were detected for Borrelia recurrentis. In conclusion, Hae. longicornis was shown as the dominant tick species in the sampling areas in Shandong province, and various pathogens were found harbored in different tick species. Local surveillance and awareness of tick-borne diseases should be strengthened for the purpose of efficient prevention and control measures.

Edible or pharmaceutical insects are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries with high economic, nutritional and medicinal value. They can not only enhance human immunity to reduce the incidence of diseases, but also contain a great variety and high content of nutrients benefit to human. Insects of these kinds play an indispensable role in Chinese traditional medicine, especially in Chinese herbal medicine cultural heritage- "Homology of medicine and food" which explains the important connotation of Chinese medicine in preventive treatment of disease. With high content of crude protein and other nutritional essentials, edible insects had been adopted for human resources supplementing with pork, beef and chicken. Meanwhile, garbage disposal insects were also applied to improve and maintain ecological environments. Scientific researches and implementation of the resource insects will benefit us in recycling natural resources sustainable, which is also crucial to deal with the food crisis caused by increasing global warming and environmental pollution. This paper reviewed the research progress on edible insects, pharmaceutical insects, and garbage disposal insects in recent years to discuss the R&D strategies on these resource insects in the future.

Based on the High-throughput sequencing, a total of 13 236 013, 11 448 509 and 13 418 598 reads were obtained from the non-feeding, sugar-feeding and blood-feeding Culex quinquefasciatus midguts, respectively, where 785 DEGs(differently expressed genes, DEGs)were screened out between unfed and sugar-feeding females ofCx quinquefasciatus midguts, and 840 DEGs were found between sugar-feeding and blood-feeding females. Functional annotation analysis (GO, KEGG, etc.) also suggests that the DEGs were mainly involved in digestion, metabolism, reproduction and immunization processes. Genes related to digestion, metabolism and reproduction of Cx. quinquefasciatus enriched after eclosion and the transcriptional enrichment soar significantly in sugar-feeding and blood-feeding females. qRT-PCR verifies the regulatory tendency described above, which was consistent with transcriptomic results. Cytochrome P450 oxygenase and glutathione S-transferase genes, which related to detoxifying enzymes and immune genes encoding scavengers and serine protease inhibitors in Cx. quinquefasciatus were found in present study, which would benefits the ongoing development of high-efficiency insecticides.

To understand the arbovirus carried by the vector Aedes mosquito in the urban areas of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (Xishuangbanna Prefecture) during the dengue fever epidemic season in Yunnan province, real-time RT-PCR analysis for DENV serotyping and E gene detection were conducted on the RNA extracted from Aedes mosquitoes (including Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti) collected from August to October and DENV NS1 positive serum collected from July to November 2018 in Xishuangbanna Prefecture. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequences obtained from the positive amplification products targeting Flaviviridae sp.. C6/36 Ae. albopictus cells were used to isolate viruses from mosquito homogenates. Isolates with cytopathic effects (CPE) were identified by arbovirus and insect-specific virus RT-PCR and sequencing. The sequences were compared to the online GenBank database by BLAST. The DENV serotyping detection results indicated that two groups of Ae. aegypti among 51 groups of Aedes mosquitoes (1 431 mosquitoes in total) and 52 out of 54 serum samples were positive for DENV-1. One mosquito DENV-1 E gene sequence and 27 serum DENV-1 E gene sequences were obtained. The nucleotide sequence identities of E genes derived between mosquito and serum were 97.4%~100.0% and they belonged to genotype I, which had the closest genetic relationship with DENV-1 from Southeast Asian nations. Additionally, Seventeen La Tina virus (LTNV, belonging to Flaviviridae) strains and four Sarawak virus (SWKV, belonging to Alphateraviridae) strains were identified from 18 isolates using regular CPE isolated from suspensions derived from 51 groups containing vector Aedes mosquitoes, of which three strains were simultaneously positive for both LTNV and SWKV detection. The results from this study indicate that vector Aedes mosquitoes in Xishuangbanna Prefecture carry DENV, LTNV, and SWKV and that further researches on arboviruses and insect-specific viruses is urgent necessary.

A case of childhood eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis was reported in this paper. The clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment of the disease were comprehensively and retrospectively analyzed with the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests of the child victim, combined with his cerebrospinal fluid macrogenomic second-generation sequencing results and published literature. A child aged 13 months from Guizhou province China was administrated with clinical symptoms including poor mental health, fever, and convulsions in 2022. His illness was rapid onset, severe and rapidly progressing due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms and sensitive serological and cerebrospinal fluid examination. The etiological diagnosis was successfully performed with the application of Q-mNGS to avoid serious complications and sequelae due to the delay of the best treatment time.

On October 26, 2022, Hunan Armed Police Corps Hospital admitted a 25-year-old male patient with "hepatic sparganosis". The patient was admitted to the hospital for"persistent pain in the upper abdomen for 1 day", and described having swallowed river water while swimming a month prior. Physical examination revealed tenderness and rebound pain in the right lower abdomen, and percussion pain in the liver area. A full-panel antibody test for parasites revealed positivity for schizocephala-specific IgG. Combined imaging results, serum laboratory examination and exposure history, a diagnosis of"hepatic sparganosis" was supported. Twenty days after anti-infection and whole-body deworming treatment, liver lesions observed by abdominal enhanced CT were significantly reduced, routine blood panel was recovery, and the patient's symptoms completely disappeared.

Culex tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector of various viruses, such as Japanese encephalitis, andrice cultivation is very common in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Hainan provinces in China, providing an ideal environment for the breeding ofCx. tritaeniorhynchus. To investigate the genetic differentiation status of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations among these regions of China, the mitochondrial ND5 gene was used as a genetic marker to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in this region. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in this region was relatively high, with a haplotype diversity index (Hd) ranging from 0.533 to 0.981, Moreover, the Hd index of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus population in Zhejiang province (0.944) is slightly higher than that in Hainan (0.931) and Jiangsu province (0.910). H1, H2, and H3 are the major haplotypes of each population, while H9 and H12 are only distributed in Haikou population (HNHK), H15 and H18 are only distributed in Jinhua population (ZJJH), H20, H21, and H22 are only distributed in Lianyungang population (JSLG),and H24 and H25 are only distributed in Yancheng population. The UPGMA clustering results indicate that the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations in this region have evolved into two clustering branches, and the gene flow between the Hainan Haikou strain (HNHK) and Jiangsu Lianyungang strain (JSLG), Jiangsu Huai'an strain (JSHA), and Jiangsu Yancheng strain (JSSY) are strong, reaching 13.927, 17.423, and 10.976, respectively; the gene flow between Jiangsu Lianyungang strain (JSLG) and Zhejiang Taizhou strain (ZJTZ) reached 11.222. Meanwhile, the AMOVA analysis results showed that the main molecular variations of the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations derived from various groups within the region, accounting for 95.93% of the variation percentage, meanwhile, no obvious population expansion was observed among the populations of this region.

Objective To understand the molecular genetic background of the reported case of reemerging visceral leishmaniasis in Beijing. Methods The PCR was used to amplify the hydrophilic acylated surface protein B (K26) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) sequence of ribosomal DNA. The amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced to analyze their genetic polymorphisms and to construct phylogenetic trees to determine the causative parasitic species in the infected patient and its genetic relationships. Results The K26 gene yielded a 626 bp amplicon, which exhibited significant differences in length compared to domestic epidemic strains. The amino acid sequence of this amplicon consisted of a repetitive arrangement of a 14-amino-acid motif, but amino acid substitutions were observed at certain positions. Phylogenetic analysis of the K26 sequence revealed that the Beijing strain was closely related to Leishmania infantum strains from France and Spain but distant from those in other regions of China, such as Xinjiang, Sichuan, and Hebei. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of a 314 bp fragment amplified from the ITS-1 sequence also showed that the Beijing strain belonged to the same branch as L. infantum strains. Conclusion These results indicate that the infection in this patient was caused by L. infantum, with the strain having some differences from those in other endemic areas in China.

In order to observe the effect of 0.3% deltamethrin long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets on mosquitoes, laboratory and simulated field efficacy tests were carried out according to NY/T 1151.4—2012 standard. The results showed that the average knockdown rates of 0.3% deltamethrin long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets against Culex pipiens pallens were 100%, 96.49% and 93.94% in 1 h before washing, after 10 washes and 20 washes respectively. In the simulated field test, after 20 washes of 0.3% deltamethrin long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets, the average knockdown rate of Cx. pipiens pallens was 93.68% at 12 hours and 93.68% at 24 hours. The results showed that 0.3% deltamethrin long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets have an anti-mosquito effect in long periods.

This study aims to identify the species of nematodes originating from Microtus fuscus. Mitochondrial COI gene sequences of the nematode samples were amplified using PCR, and the resulting amplification products were sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared and subjected to phylogenetic analysis, revealing that the nematode species isolated from M. fuscus is identical to Mastophorus muris, exhibiting a high homology of 98.6% with M. muris(MK8674). The germline evolutionary tree demonstrated that the isolate is distantly related to other nematodes documented in GenBank, but shares a branch with M. muris (MK8674), representing its closest relative. This nematode belongs to the rat-parasitic nematodes of the stomach. This study marks the first molecular level identification of M. muris from Qinghai voles, providing a scientific basis for further epidemiological investigations of M. muris on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The objective of the present study was to characterize the diversity of small mammals within 400 m of ports in southern Fujian province. Small mammal surveillance was performed using the cage/trap night method quarterly from 2018 to 2022 in the ports at Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou. A total of 1 066 small mammals were collected, comprising 5 species of 3 genera belonging to 2 families in 2 orders. Suncus murinus was the dominant species (68.35%), followed by Rattus norvegicus (24.35%). The species-dominant, diversity, and evenness indices varied seasonally, with different patterns evident in their communities. The survey results provide basic data for the prevention and control of small mammals and their associated diseases at port areas of Fujian province.

Medical education in China is undergoing reform toward integrating courses and enhancing clinical competencies. A multidisciplinary, online and offline blended experimental method of teaching, in which theoretical knowledge, practical-skill training, and curriculum ideological and political education can be implemented simultaneously, is beneficial to assist students in constructing their medical knowledge system, improving competence, and establishing correct ideological concepts. This leads to the cultivation of composite medical talents in students with strong comprehensive abilities and high quality skills.

Objective A recombinant plasmid for CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) that incorporates dCas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes was constructed to investigate the function of Coxiella burnetii genes through a prompt, simple method. Methods A single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequence targeting C. burnetii dotB was integrated into a recombinant plasmid, which was then transformed into C. burnetii using electroporation. Next, dCas9 expression was induced with dehydrated tetracycline (aTC) to inhibit the transcription of dotB. Results The results demonstrated that dCas9 can be expressed normally in the CRISPRi system through aTC induction. Suppression of dotB was observed at the transcriptional and translational levels. In addition, the intracellular reproduction of C. burnetii significantly decreased after the suppression of dotB expression. Conclusion Silencing technology for the C. burnetii gene based on CRISPRi was established in this study, providing support for studying the biological functions of C. burnetii genes.

As obligated blood-sucking arthropods, ticks have become a serious health burden to the public as they transmit various pathogens to humans and other host animals. The extent of harm caused by tick bites heavily relies on the relationship between ticks and their host animals. Semiochemicals play a key role and enable ticks to seek, forage for, and locate their blood source hosts. Notably, pathogenic infection would change the relationship between ticks and host animals to a degree and result in behavior shifts for ticks to forage for hosts to obtain blood. In the current review, the sensory mechanism of ticks, semiochemicals from ticks and their hosts, and the potential application in the prevention and control of tick and tick borne pathogens are discussed.

Objective Naturally, Aedes albopictus carries both the A and B supergroups of Wolbachia strains, which are symbiotic bacteria that can influence the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases by inhibiting the ability of their host to transmit viruses or by reducing the population density of their host, and the strength of this effect is closely related to its density in host cells. In this study, an accurate qPCR-based method for detecting Wolbachia genotype and density in mosquitoes was established. Methods The wsp gene of Wolbachia carried by Ae. albopictus was cloned and sequenced, and specific primers for the non-conserved regions of the wAlbA and wAlbB wsp genes were designed. Results The application of this method showed great sensitivity and specificity. The primers did not cross-react between the two Wolbachia supergroups. Further, with this method, it was possible to detect decreases in Wolbachia density in host cells following treatment with tetracycline at different concentrations, and the optimal tetracycline treatment concentration was determined to be 0.1 mg/mL. Conclusion This method can provide technical supports for studies of the effects of Wolbachia on physiological reproduction and innate immunity in mosquitoes.

The present paper deal with a new species Stenischia Jordan, 1932 from Ningxia. Types specimens were collected from Ningxia. All types are deposited in the Medical Entomology Collection of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Stenischia ningxiaensis Bai, Lu et Gao, sp. nov. (Figs.1-13)
The new species is silimar to Stenischia mirabilis Jordan, 1932 and Stenischia montanis Xie et Gong, 1983, but can be distinguished by the following characters: The difference between the new species and the Stenischia mirabilis is as following: (1) The spines of the 1^st to 4^th genal comb are long and the basal separation is narrow, the end of the 2^nd to 4^th spines blunt. (2) Movable process was sickle like, same height as immovable process, and convex in the middle of the posterior margin. (3) The male species had a slightly concave on VIII trailing edge. The difference between the new species and the Stenischia montanis Xie et Gong, 1983 is as following: (1) The spines of the 5^th genal comb down shift. (2) The female species have two deep concave on posterior margin of VII sternum.
Holotype ♂, Body length 2.03 mm, paratypes 11 ♂♂(body length from 2.06 mm to 2.24 mm), 20♀♀(body length from 2.25 mm to 2.68 mm), with 5♂♂,8♀♀off Cricetulus migratorius Pallas,1773, from Huangwa Country, Jingyuan County and Hongyang Township, Haiyuan County; 4♂♂,5♀♀off Cricetulus triton de Winton, 1899, from Lao Longtan, Jingyuan County Zhonghe Township,Yuanzhou District; paratype 1♂ off Anourosorex sp. from Erlonghe region, Jingyuan County, paratypes 2♂♂, 7♀♀ off Citellus dauricus alaschanicus Buechne,1888, collected on August 21, 1983, from Hongyan Country, Haiyuan County, (105° 6' E, 36°5'N;alt.2 300 m) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Holotype 1♂, paratypes4♂♂, 5♀♀are deposited in the Medical Entomology Collection of Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China. Paratypes 8♂♂,14♀♀are deposited in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Etymology. The specific name is from the type locality of Ningxia.

Objective In this study, a pictorial database of Aedes albopictus eggs was built to establish a model for the automatic recognition and counting of eggs of this mosquito species. Methods In total, 449 images of Ae. albopictus eggs from field strains in three districts of Shanghai and laboratory strains were collected. The eggs were manually calibrated using the Python environment labeling library, and the faster region-based convolution neural network (Faster R-CNN) was used to train the model with the tile overlap method. Results The results of model validation evaluation using accuracy, recall, and F-measure showed that after 15 training sessions, the loss gradually decreased with increasing training frequency and ultimately decreased to 0.000119. The mean accuracy (mAP) increased from 0.968 to 0.980 with increasing training frequency. The final model had an accuracy of up to 0.90, a recall rate of 0.97, and an F-measure of 0.93. Conclusion The established model achieved its function of assisting in egg identification and counting. With further optimization of the model and refining of its classification and recognition capabilities, it will serve as a simple and efficient auxiliary monitoring tool.

Objective The effectiveness of the BG-Trap and human-baited double net trap (HDN) methods in monitoring Aedes albopictus were compared to assess the potential use of the BG-Trap method for dengue fever vector monitoring program. These findings would also provide a reference basis for formulating more effective dengue fever prevention and control strategies. Methods The study was conducted at six outdoor monitoring sites in three cities in Jiangsu Province in August and September, following a 3-d monitoring plan. Both traps were evaluated simultaneously at three time slots each day (16:00 -16:30, 17:00 -17:30, and 18:00 -18:30). Results Both the BG-Trap and HDN methods effectively captured female Ae. albopictus. The proportion of Ae. albopictus captured by the HDN method was higher than that captured by the BG-Trap method (χ²=0.162, P=0.687), with no statistically significant differences in the composition ratio of male/female between the two methods(χ²=0.162, P=0.687).The average density index of Ae. albopictus for the BG-Trap method was 7.85±5.23/h, significantly lower than that of the HDN method at 27.04±13.86/h under the same sampling sites (t=6.73, P<0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the BG\|Trap method is less effective than the HDN method in Ae. albopictus monitoring. Further research is required to determine the applicability of this method for dengue fever vector monitoring.

The species and distributions of ticks in various leagues and cities in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) are summarized in the present paper to prevent and control ticks and tick-borne diseases. Through literatures' review and data collection, tick species and their distribution areas in were summarized. There are 31 species of ticks in nine cities and three leagues in IMAR, with two families, five subfamilies, eight genera, and 31 species. These ticks are recorded infested on mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians as well as vectors and reservoir hosts for pathogens that cause a wide range of zoonotic diseases. The complex and diverse of terrain and geomorphology in IMAR contributes tick fauna with richness and forms a variety of suitable habitats.

Trichinellosis, a zoonosis caused by Trichinella infection, is contracted by individuals eating raw or undercooked meat. This disease is widely distributed around the world, with a history of 188 years. Meanwhile, its transmission through meat products has led to the possibility of an outbreak, making it a greater social threat. This paper analyzed the research progress of trichinellosis vaccines by searching for literatures published in the past decade to provide insights into the prevention and control of trichinellosis.